Respiratory System

Respiratory system

The function of the respiratory system is to allow gas exchange.

Nasal passage: is the sinus cavitie of the human body.

Oral cavity: is the mouth.

Pharynx: conected the oral cavity with the larynx.

Larynx: involved in protection of the trachea and sound production.

Trachea: is a common term for an airway through which respiratory air passes in organisms.

Bronchus: is a passage of airway in the respiratory tract that conducts air into the lungs.

Lung: the lungs transports oxygen into the bloodstream and to take carbon dioxide out of the bloodstream.

Heart: pumps oxygenated blood to all parts of the body. Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

Ribs: protects the internal organs from damage. The rib cage expands during respiration.

Cells

What procaryotic and eucaryotic cells have in common?
1.DNA as genetic material.
2.Ribosomes synthesize proteins.
3.Enzymes that catalyse metabolic reactions.
4.Similar metabolic pathways.
5.Membranes with similar or identical components and orgamizations.

What are the differences?
Procaryotic cells:
-No nucleus
-No membrane covered organelles.
-Circular DNA.
-Most referred to as bacteria.
-Has ribosomes.

Eucaryotic cells:
-Has a nucleus.
-Has membrane covered organelles.
-Linear DNA
-Are all other types of cells.
-Has organelles and organelles parts like chloroplast and mitochondria.

circulatory system

The function of the circulatory system are:

-Carry oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and carbondioxide from the tissues to the lungs.

-Help in fighting infections.

-Helps to maintain the Ph of the blood.

-Parts of the circulatory system:

*Heart: is a muscular organ responsible for pumping blood through the blood vessels by rhythmic contractions.

*Blood vessels:

-Arteries: carry the blood away from the heart.

-Capillaries: enable the actual exchange of water and chemicals between the blood and the tissues.

-Veins: carry blood from the capillaries back towards the heart.

*Blood: is a specialized bodily fluid that delivers necessary substances to the body's cells and transports waste products away from those same cells.

El Virus tipus A

¿Qué es? La gripe porcina es un virus que tienen los cerdos, llamado virus de gripe Tipo A, con tres subgrupos: H1N1, H1N2 y H3N2. El tiempo que lo sufre el cerdo es de 7 a 10 días. Este virus no mata a los cerdos. Hasta hoy se ha detectado que lo que sufren los enfermos en EE. UU y México es una variante del subgrupo H1N1.

¿Cómo se contagia? La OMS ha declarado que el contagio de la gripe porcina se produce por contacto directo con un cerdo infectado, y NO por el consumo de carne de cerdo. Lo cierto es que el virus de la gripe porcina muere a los 70º, temperatura mínima de cocción de la carne de cerdo.

Síntomas de gripe porcina en personas: son similares a los de gripe común, dolor muscular, malestar general, fiebre elevada, tos, estornudos, falta de apetito, diarrea (casos particulares) y rinorrea (chorreado de la nariz). En caso de estar enfermo con el virus de la gripe porcina una persona contagia durante los primeros 4-5 días de la enfermedad. Sin embargo, los niños pueden contagiar durante 10 días después de haber contraído la gripe porcina.

Diagnóstico de la gripe porcina: se debe tomar una muestra del aparato respiratorio de la persona que sufre los síntomas en estos 4-5 días primeros y enviarlas al Centro Nacional de Microbiología para su detección.

Tratamiento de la gripe porcina: hasta ahora no existe una vacuna que nos proteja de la variación del virus que se está propagando, que es el que se ha detectado en México y EE.UU. En cualquier caso, la gripe porcina se trata como una gripe común, tomando antivirales bajo control médico.

Eye and Ear

EYE

Vitreous gel: is a thick, colorless, gel-like fluid that fills the large space in the middle of the eye. It helps the eyeball maintain its shape.

Optic nerve: transmits visual information from the retina to the brain.

Macula: is an oval-shaped highly pigmented yellow spot near the center of the retina.

Fovea: is responsible for sharp central vision.

Retina: is a light sensitive tissue lining the inner surface of the eye.

Iris: by contraction and dilatation, regulates the entrance of light into the eye.

Cornea: is a lens that helps to shield the rest of the eye from germs, drust...

Pupil: it regulates the amount of light that enters the eye.

Lens: it reflects the light.

EAR

Auricle (pinna): it prottect the inner ear.

Auditory canal: it carries the vibration from outer ear to the inner ear.

Semicircular canals: it helps maintain balance.

Cochlea: it moves in response to the vibrations coming from the middle ear.

Incus (anvil): it transmits the sound vibrations from the malleus to the stapes.

Stapes (stirrup): it transmits the sound vibrations from the incus to the membrane of the inner ear inside the fenestra ovalis.

Malleus (hammer): it transmits the sound vibrations from the eardrum to the incus.

Tympanic membrane (eardrum): it transmits sound from the air to the ossicles inside the middle ear.